1. Table of Coefficients for Thermal Expansion in Metal Materials
| Material | Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | Length | Temperature | Variation | |
| *10-6/℃ | |||||
| Mild Steel | 11.7 | 100 | 100 | 0.000001 | 0.117 |
| NAK80 | 12.5 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.25 |
| SKD61 | 10.8 | 100 | 300 | 0.000001 | 0.324 |
| SKH51 | 10.1 | 100 | 400 | 0.000001 | 0.404 |
| Hard Alloy V40 | 6 | 100 | 500 | 0.000001 | 0.3 |
| SUS440C | 10.2 | 100 | 100 | 0.000001 | 0.102 |
| Oxygen-Free Steel C1020 | 17.6 | 100 | 500 | 0.000001 | 0.88 |
| 6/4 Brass C2801 | 20.8 | 100 | 600 | 0.000001 | 1.248 |
| Beryllium Copper C1720 | 17.1 | 100 | 700 | 0.000001 | 1.197 |
| Aluminum A1100 | 23.6 | 100 | 475 | 0.000001 | 0.30267 |
| Hard Aluminum A7075 | 23.6 | 100 | 500 | 0.000001 | 1.18 |
| Aluminum Alloy | 23.8 | 100 | 350 | 0.000001 | 0.833 |
| Pure Aluminum | 23 | 100 | 350 | 0.000001 | 0.805 |
| Titanium | 8.4 | 100 | 500 | 0.000001 | |
| Gray Cast Iron | 9 | 100 | 350 | 0.000001 | 0.315 |
| General Cast Iron | 10.5 | 100 | 50 | 0.000001 | 0.0525 |
| Cast Iron | 10.5 | 100 | 50 | 0.000001 | 0.0525 |
| General Carbon Steel | 11.5 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.23 |
| Martensitic Stainless Steel | 1.01 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.0202 |
| Austenitic Stainless Steel | 1.6 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.032 |
| Stainless Steel | 14.4-16 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | #VALUE！ |
| Chromium Steel | 11.5 | 1000 | 20 | 0.000001 | 0.23 |
| Nickel Steel | 14 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.28 |
| Copper | 18.5 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.37 |
| Bronze | 17.5 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.35 |
| Brass | 18.4 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.368 |
| Phosphor Bronze | 15.2 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.304 |
| Chromium | 6.2 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.124 |
| Lead | 29.3 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.586 |
| Tin | 26.7 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.534 |
| Zinc | 36 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.72 |
| Magnesium | 26 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.52 |
| Tungsten | 4.5 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.09 |
| Titanium | 10.8 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.216 |
| Nickel | 13 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.26 |
| Cadmium | 41 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | |
| Manganese | 23 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.46 |
| Beryllium | 12.3 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.246 |
| Germanium | 6 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.12 |
| Iridium | 6.5 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.13 |
| Molybdenum | 5.2 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.104 |
| Platinum | 9 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.18 |
| Silver | 19.5 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.39 |
| Gold | 14.2 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.284 |
| Window Glass | 7.6 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.152 |
| Industrial Glass | 4.5 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.09 |
| Ordinary Glass | 7.1 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.112 |
| Pyrex Glass | 3.25 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.065 |
| Glass Ceramic | ＜0.1 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | #VALUE！ |
| Porcelain | 3 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.06 |
| Brick | 5 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.1 |
| Rebar | 1.2 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.024 |
| Concrete | 1.0-1.5 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | #VALUE！ |
| Cement | 6.0-14 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | #VALUE！ |
| Granite | 3 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.06 |
| Graphite | 2 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.04 |
| Nylon | 120 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 2.4 |
| Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) | 85 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 1.7 |
| Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) | 80 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 1.6 |
| Carbon Fiber (HM 35in Longitudinal) | -0.5 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | -0.01 |
| Wood | 8 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.16 |
| Table Salt | 40 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 0.8 |
| Ice, 0℃ | 51 | 100 | 200 | 0.000001 | 1.02 |
2. Calculation Method for Dimensional Change Caused by Thermal Expansion
Example using material: SKD61
Given:
- Diameter (d) = 2 mm
- Length (L) = 100 mm
- Temperature increase = 100°C
The dimensional change δ can be calculated as follows:
δ = Thermal expansion coefficient * Length * Temperature change
Using the given values:
δ = 10.8 × 10-6 /°C * 100 mm * 100°C= 0.108 mm
Therefore, the dimensional change (δ) caused by the thermal expansion of the SKD61 rod, with a diameter of 2 mm and length of 100 mm, when the temperature increases by 100°C, is 0.108 mm.
3. Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient
| Metal Names | Element Symbols | Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient |
| Beryllium | Be | 12.3 |
| Antimony | Sb | 10.5 |
| Copper | Cu | 17.5 |
| Chromium | Cr | 6.2 |
| Germanium | Ge | 6.0 |
| Iridium | Ir | 6.5 |
| Manganese | Mn | 23.0 |
| Nickel | Ni | 13.0 |
| Silver | Ag | 19.5 |
| Aluminum | Al | 23.2 |
| Lead | Pb | 29.3 |
| Cadmium | Cd | 41.0 |
| Iron | Fe | 12.2 |
| Gold | Au | 14.2 |
| Magnesium | Mg | 26.0 |
| Molybdenum | Mo | 5.2 |
| Platinum | Pt | 9.0 |
| Tin | Sn | 2.0 |
