1. Effect of nitrogen on Microstructure and heat treatment of steel ① Nitrogen, similar to carbon, can dissolve in iron to form an interstitial solid solution. ② Nitrogen enhances the size of the austenite phase …
The Role of Nitrogen in Steel: Things You Should Know Read More »
As far as the construction site of relevant construction projects is concerned, at present, what everyone should know is about the use of building materials in the current construction market. There is no doubt that …
What is 304 stainless steel? 304 stainless steel is a common material in the stainless steel industry with a density of 7.93 g/cm³. It is also referred to as 18/8 stainless steel, indicating that it …
5 Types of 304 Stainless Steel: Chemical Composition Comparison Read More »
This standard outlines the criteria for visually evaluating the extent of rust and the quality of rust removal on the surface of steel prior to painting. It applies to steel surfaces that have undergone rust …
Rust and Derusting Grade of Steel Surface (Before Painting) Read More »
Tin materials can be divided into four categories: tin foil, tin powder, tin granules (beads, balls), and tin profiles (rods, plates, sheets, strips). There are three allotropes of tin: white tin, grey tin, and brittle …
Do you ever wonder about the difference between iron and steel? If so, I will provide a detailed explanation. To understand the difference, it’s important to note that iron is a chemical element, while steel …
What is bronze? What is Bronze and What is it Made of? Bronze is a type of alloy that is primarily composed of copper. It is a mixture of copper with other elements such as …
What is brass? Brass is an alloy made of copper and zinc, commonly referred to as ordinary brass. If the alloy contains more than two elements, it is referred to as special brass. Brass is …
5 Types of Brass: What Is Brass and Classification Method Read More »
In this article, our primary focus will be on determining the weight of H-beams and I-beams. For your convenience, we have developed two separate calculators: one for H-beam weight calculation and the other for I-beam …
H Beam & I Beam Weight Calculator & Chart (Free to Use) Read More »
Do you know the different types of steel and their characteristics? Today, I will provide an overview of 24 different types of steel. I’m sure there will be some information that you are not familiar …
1. Preface High-strength steel bars are considered the backbone and skeleton of the construction industry. Currently, there are five main areas of development for high-strength reinforcement materials: This article provides a brief overview of the …
High Strength Steel Bar: Properties and Production Process Read More »
Steel Weight calculation formula The steel weight calculation formula is: Weight (kg) = Sectional Area (mm2) × Length (m) × Density (ρ, g/cm3)× 1/1000 Above is the formula to calculate the steel weight in kg. …
Theoretical Steel Weight Calculation Formula (30 Types of Metals) Read More »
When it comes to metals, what comes to mind? When it comes to metals, people often think of glittering jewelry or shining pots and pans. However, not many people associate metals with the color black. …
Ferrous vs Non-ferrous Metals: The Differences Explained? Read More »
The names “ferrous metals” and “nonferrous metals” often lead people to misunderstand that ferrous metals must be black, but this is not the case. Some junior and senior high school textbooks define ferrous metals and …
What Is Ferrous Metal? Chemistry Teachers Don’t Usually Teach You Read More »
What is electro galvanizing? Electro-galvanizing, commonly referred to as cold galvanizing, is an electrochemical process in which zinc ingots serve as anodes and steel strips as cathodes. The process involves the zinc atoms losing electrons …
Galvanneal vs Galvanized Steel: The Differences Explained Read More »
The earliest evidence of human use of copper dates back to 10,000 years ago, and was discovered through the excavation of copper beads made of natural copper in northern Iraq by archaeologists. Copper usage in …
Brass vs Tin Bronze vs Red Copper vs White Copper: The Differences Explained Read More »
What is galvanized sheet? Galvanized sheet refers to the steel plate with a layer of zinc on its surface. Galvanizing is an economic and effective rust prevention method often used. About half of the world’s …
Galvanized Sheet Metal: Everything You Need to Know Read More »
316L belongs to austenitic stainless steel, corresponding to the domestic brand 022Cr17Ni12Mo2, which has good plasticity and corrosion resistance. The addition of Mo element in this stainless steel greatly improves its pitting resistance. Therefore, 316L …
Leakage Failure Analysis of 316L Stainless Steel Coil Read More »
Recently, batch quenching cracks occurred in a part of the unit during heat treatment, and the scrap rate reached 20%. The material of the parts is 27SiMn, and the adopted heat treatment process is 480 …
Quenching Crack of 27SiMn Steel: Cause Analysis and Solution Read More »
1. Metallographic problems of induction hardening (1) Rapid heating critical point rise Induction heating has a heating rate ranging from tens to hundreds of degrees per second, and pulse quenching can reach thousands of degrees …
How to Realize Induction Heating Quenching of High Speed Steel? Read More »
Hydrogen is known to cause embrittlement and cracking in steel, commonly referred to as hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC). HIC typically occurs in aqueous solutions, as hydrogen can diffuse into the steel matrix, resulting in steel embrittlement …
The Role of Hydrogen in Steel – Hydrogen Induced Cracking Read More »
What is metal hardness? Hardness is a metric that measures a material’s resistance to local deformations, such as plastic deformation, indentations, or scratches. It is a crucial factor in determining the hardness of a material. …
Metal Hardness: The Definite Guide (with Hardness Chart) Read More »
What is 4140 steel? 4140 (G41400) steel belongs to ultra-high strength steel, and the executive standard is ASTM A29M UNS-2012 (Standard Specification for general requirements of hot forged carbon steel and alloy steel bars). This steel …
What is 316 stainless steel? Thanks to the inclusion of molybdenum, 316 stainless steel boasts remarkable resistance to corrosion, work hardening (which makes it non-magnetic), atmospheric corrosion, and high temperature strength, making it suitable for …
316 vs 316L Stainless Steel: The Differences Explained Read More »
Terms related to steel price Steel has become a ubiquitous material in our daily lives. For steel manufacturers and traders, steel trade is of utmost importance, and the steel price is the focus of their …
Steel Price: Terms & Calculation Method You Should Know Read More »
01. Solid solution strengthening Definition The phenomenon of solid solution of alloy elements in the matrix metal causing a certain degree of lattice distortion improves the strength of the alloy. Principle The atoms of the …
The specific gravity of aluminum is lighter, resulting in less rebound during forming. It has a relatively high strength, comparable or exceeding that of high-quality steel. Aluminum has good plasticity, making it easier to form …
8 Types of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy You Should Know Read More »
1. Preface 42CrMo is a medium-carbon alloy structural steel known for its comprehensive mechanical properties, excellent hardenability, and broad range of applications. It is frequently utilized in the machinery industry to produce gears, connecting rods, …
42CrMo Steel Forging Stock: Analysis and Improvement of Abnormal Structure Read More »
1. Preface With the rapid development of material science and technology at home and abroad, the selection of gear materials in the manufacturing industry is not limited to domestic existing materials. More and more enterprises …
17Cr2Ni2MoA vs 18Cr2Ni4WA Steel: The Differences Explained Read More »
The density of titanium and titanium alloy is only 4.51g/cm3, which is smaller than that of steel and only half the weight of steel, but its strength is similar to that of ordinary carbon steel. …
Titanium Alloy vs Stainless Steel: The Differences Explained Read More »
1. Structure and crystallization of pure metal 1. Crystal structure of metal Metals are solid-state crystals. The crystal structure is related to the properties, plastic deformation, and heat treatment phase transformations of metals. The three …
Decarburization of workpieces during salt bath heating and quenching is inevitable for various reasons. If the decarburization layer is relatively thin, the subsequent grinding process can completely remove it, resulting in no issues. However, if …
Decarburization of High Speed Steel by Salt Bath Quenching: Analysis and Prevention Read More »
Transformation of Steel During Cooling – Widmanstatten 1. Formation of Widmanstatten structure In actual production, hypoeutectoid steel with a carbon content (ωc) less than 0.6% and hypereutectoid steel with a carbon content greater than 1.2% …
Transformation of Steel During Cooling: Widmanstatten and Martensite Read More »
In engineering, many structural components, such as steam turbines, boilers, and main steam pipelines in thermal power generation equipment, and high-temperature and high-pressure reaction vessels and pipelines in petrochemical systems, operate under high-temperature conditions for …
How to Estimate Creep Life: High-Temperature Fatigue of Metals Read More »
In this post, I will share with you the four factors that impact the rate of austenite formation. I hope that after reading this post, you will have a new perspective and increased understanding on …
English Name: austinite; the name comes from: William Chandler Roberts-Austen, a British metallurgist Letter code: A, γ. Definition: solid solution formed by carbon and various chemical elements in γ-Fe. Features: 1. Crystal structure Austenite (γ-Fe) has a …
Austenite: Do You Know Its Metallographic Structure? Read More »
What is titanium alloy? Titanium alloys are a group of metals that consist of titanium and other elements. Titanium, which is an essential structural metal, was first developed in the 1950s. Titanium alloys are highly …
Titanium vs. Aluminum: The Differences Explained Read More »
How is steel produced? The primary raw material for iron smelting is iron ore, which consists mainly of Fe2O3. Coke is the second raw material used in ironmaking. During the ironmaking process, some of the …
Alloy Steel vs Carbon Steel: The Differences Explained Read More »
Aluminum alloys are highly valued for their strength-to-weight ratio, high relative strength, corrosion resistance, and processability, making them a popular choice in a wide range of industries, including construction, aerospace, electronics, new energy, sports equipment, …
6061 Aluminum vs 7075 Aluminum: The Differences Explained Read More »
I assume that you are familiar with stainless steel, as it is widely used in many electrical appliances in our daily lives. For instance, the electric kettle that is commonly used. Observant individuals may have …
304 vs 316 Stainless Steel: The Differences Explained Read More »
The materials industry is the basic industry of the national economy, and new materials are the precursors of the development of the materials industry. Graphene, carbon nanotubes, amorphous alloys, foamed metals, ionic liquids … 20 …
The selection of materials is primarily based on the performance of metal materials. The properties of metal materials can be classified into two categories: processing performance and service performance. Service performance refers to how metal …
Performance of Metal Materials: The Ultimate Guide Read More »
1. Preface I’d like to share with you the identification of “Ferrite” and “Retained Austenite”, as part of a series of articles on the identification of similar structures in steels. 2. Identification of ferrite and …
How to Distinguish Ferrite and Retained Austenite? Read More »
What is the purity of steel? After testing and evaluating the type and grade of non-metallic inclusions in steel under a microscope and performing statistical calculations, a relatively macro level of steel purity (or index) …
High Speed Steel High-speed steel (HSS) is a type of tool steel known for its high hardness, wear resistance, and heat resistance. It can be hardened even when cooled in air during the quenching process …
High Speed Steel vs Tungsten Steel: The Differences Explained Read More »
Definition of metal and its importance Metals generally refer to a category of materials that have a unique luster (i.e. intense reflection of visible light), are opaque, and possess ductility and conductivity. The narrow definition …
Preface 35MnB steel is widely utilized in the crawler chassis components of construction machinery because of its excellent hardenability and superior performance in heat treatment processes. Examples of such parts include roller wheel bodies, crawler …
35MNnB Steel for Engineering Materials: Basics You Should Know Read More »
Internal Surface Defects Feature: A straight or spiral, semi-spiral sawtooth-shaped defect on the inner surface of the steel pipe. Causes: Inspection: Internal folds are not allowed on the inner surface of the steel pipe. The …
Are You Aware of These 26 Common Steel Pipe Defects? Read More »
Steel is composed of a range of chemical elements that result in hundreds of different grades. So, what role do these chemical elements play in steel? Today, I will guide you through the world of …
Concept and classification of inclusions 1. Endogenous inclusion During the smelting process of steel, a deoxidation reaction occurs that results in the production of oxides and other products. If these products do not rise to …
How Do the Non-metallic Inclusions in Steel Affect the Quality of Steel? Read More »
In every electroplating solution, there is a presence of hydrogen ions as a result of the dissociation of water molecules. As a result, during the plating process, metal is deposited from the cathode (main reaction) …
Metal Hydrogen Embrittlement: Causes and Methods of Removing Hydrogen Embrittlement Read More »
