Looking for a comprehensive guide to the mechanical properties of different metals?
Look no further than this handy table developed by our team at MachineMFG. Whether you’re a professional engineer or simply curious about the materials around you, this chart is an essential resource for understanding the strength, elasticity, and other key properties of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.
From industrial pure iron to high-strength aluminum alloys, this chart covers a wide range of materials and grades, providing detailed information on shear strength, tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation.
Plus, we’ve included a separate table on the shear strength of steel when heated, so you can make informed decisions about material selection and processing.
So why wait? Check out our metal mechanical properties chart today and take your understanding of materials science to the next level.
Related reading: Type of metal
To cater to the requirements of our readers, we have developed a table of mechanical properties for a range of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.
Related reading: Ferrous vs Non-ferrous Metals
Hope that helps!
Table of mechanical properties of ferrous materials
Table 1 Metal Strength Chart
Material | Grade | Material Status | Shear Strength τ (MPa) | Tensile Strength σb (MPa) | Elongation σs (%) | Yield Strength δ (MPa) | Elastic Modulus Е (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Industrial pure iron for electricians C>0.025 | DT1 DT2 DT3 | annealed | 180 | 230 | 26 | — | |
Electrical Silicon Steel | D11 D12 D21 D31 D32 D370 D310~340 S41~48 | annealed | 190 | 230 | 26 | — | |
Ordinary carbon steel | Q195 | unannealed | 260~320 | 315~390 | 28~33 | 195 | |
Q215 | 270~340 | 335~410 | 26~31 | 215 | |||
Q235 | 310~380 | 375~460 | 21~26 | 235 | |||
Q255 | 340~420 | 410~510 | 19~24 | 255 | |||
Q275 | 400~500 | 490~610 | 15~20 | 275 | |||
Carbon tool steel | 08F | annealed | 220~310 | 280~390 | 32 | 180 | |
10F | 260~360 | 330~450 | 32 | 200 | 190000 | ||
15F | 220~340 | 280~420 | 30 | 190 | |||
08 | 260~340 | 300~440 | 29 | 210 | 198000 | ||
10 | 250~370 | 320~460 | 28 | — | |||
15 | 270~380 | 340~480 | 26 | 280 | 202000 | ||
20 | — | 280~400 | 360~510 | 35 | 250 | 21000 | |
25 | 320~440 | 400~550 | 34 | 280 | 202000 | ||
30 | 360~480 | 450~600 | 22 | 300 | 201000 | ||
35 | 400~520 | 500~650 | 20 | 320 | 201000 | ||
40 | 420~540 | 520~670 | 18 | 340 | 213500 | ||
45 | 440~560 | 550~700 | 16 | 360 | 204000 | ||
50 | normalized | 440~580 | 550~730 | 14 | 380 | 220000 | |
55 | 550 | ≥670 | 43 | 390 | — | ||
60 | 550 | ≥700 | 12 | 410 | 208000 | ||
65 | 600 | ≥730 | 10 | 420 | — | ||
70 | 600 | ≥760 | 9 | 430 | 210000 | ||
T7~T12 T7A~T12A | annealed | 600 | 750 | 10 | — | — | |
T8A | cold hardened | 600~950 | 750~1200 | — | — | — | |
High-quality carbon steel | 10Mn | annealed | 320~460 | 400~580 | 22 | 230 | 211000 |
65Mn | 600 | 750 | 12 | 400 | 21000 | ||
Alloy structural steel | 25CrMnSiA 25CrMnSi | low-temperature annealed | 400~560 | 500~700 | 18 | 950 | — |
30CrMnSiA 30CrMnSi | 440~600 | 550~750 | 16 | 1450 850 | — | ||
Quality spring steel | 60Si2Mn 60Si2MnA 65SiWA | low-temperature annealed | 720 | 900 | 10 | 1200 | 200000 |
cold hardened | 640~960 | 800~1200 | 10 | 1400 1600 | — | ||
Stainless steel | 1Cr13 | annealed | 320~380 | 400~470 | 21 | 420 | 210000 |
2Cr13 | 320~400 | 400~500 | 20 | 450 | 210000 | ||
3Cr13 | 400~480 | 500~600 | 18 | 480 | 210000 | ||
4Cr13 | 400~480 | 500~600 | 15 | 500 | 210000 | ||
1Cr18Ni19 2Cr18Ni19 | heat-treated | 460~520 | 580~640 | 35 | 200 | 200000 | |
rolled, cold-hardened | 800~880 | 1000~1100 | 38 | 220 | 200000 | ||
1Cr18Ni9Ti | Heat-treated softened | 430~550 | 540~700 | 40 | 200 | 200000 |
Table 2 Shear strength of steel when heated
Steel Grade | Heating temperature ℃ | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
200 | 500 | 600 | 700 | 800 | 900 | |
Q195, Q215, 08, 15 | 360 | 320 | 200 | 110 | 60 | 30 |
Q235, Q255, 20, 25 | 450 | 450 | 240 | 130 | 90 | 60 |
Q275, 30, 35 | 530 | 520 | 330 | 160 | 90 | 70 |
40, 45, 50 | 600 | 580 | 380 | 190 | 90 | 70 |
Note: When determining the shear strength of a material, it is important to take into account the stamping temperature, which is typically 150~200℃ lower than the heating temperature.
Table of mechanical properties of non-ferrous metals
Material | Grade | Material Status | Shear Strength τ (MPa) | Tensile Strength σb (MPa) | Elongation σs (%) | Yield Strength δ (MPa) | Elastic Modulus Е (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aluminum | 1070A 1050A 1200 | Annealed | 80 | 75~110 | 25 | 50~80 | 72000 |
Cold hardened | 100 | 120~150 | 4 | 120~240 | |||
Aluminum manganese alloys | 3A21 | Annealed | 70~100 | 110~145 | 19 | 50 | 71000 |
Semi-cold hardened | 100~140 | 155~200 | 13 | 130 | |||
Aluminum-magnesium alloy Aluminum-magnesium-copper alloy | SA02 | Annealed | 130~160 | 180~230 | — | 100 | 70000 |
Semi-cold hardened | 160~200 | 230~280 | 210 | ||||
High strength aluminum-magnesium-copper alloy | 7A04 | Annealed | 170 | 250 | — | — | — |
Hardened and artificially aged | 350 | 500 | 460 | 70000 | |||
Magnesium-manganese alloy | MB1 MB8 | Annealed | 120~140 | 170~190 | 3~5 | 98 | 43600 |
Annealed | 170~190 | 220~230 | 12~24 | 140 | 40000 | ||
Cold hardened | 190~200 | 240~250 | 8~10 | 160 | |||
Rigid aluminum | 2Al12 | Annealed | 105~150 | 150~215 | 12 | — | — |
Hardened with natural aging | 280~310 | 400~440 | 15 | 368 | 72000 | ||
Cold hardened after hardening | 280~320 | 400~460 | 10 | 340 | |||
Pure copper | T1 T2 T3 | Soft | 160 | 200 | 30 | 70 | 108000 |
Hard | 240 | 300 | 3 | 380 | 130000 | ||
Brass | H62 | Soft | 260 | 300 | 35 | 380 | 100000 |
Semi-hard | 300 | 380 | 20 | 200 | — | ||
Hard | 420 | 420 | 10 | 480 | — | ||
Brass | H68 | Soft | 240 | 300 | 40 | 100 | 110000 |
Semi-hard | 280 | 350 | 25 | — | |||
Hard | 400 | 400 | 15 | 250 | 115000 | ||
Lead brass | HPb59-1 | Soft | 300 | 350 | 25 | 142 | 93000 |
Hard | 400 | 450 | 5 | 420 | 105000 | ||
Manganese brass | HMn58-2 | Soft | 340 | 390 | 25 | 170 | 100000 |
Semi-hard | 400 | 450 | 15 | — | |||
Hard | 520 | 600 | 5 | ||||
Tin-phosphorus bronze Tin-Zinc-Bronze | QSn4-4-2.5 QSn4-3 | Soft | 260 | 300 | 38 | 140 | 100000 |
Hard | 480 | 550 | 3~5 | ||||
Extra-hard | 500 | 650 | 1~2 | 546 | 124000 | ||
Aluminum bronze | QAl17 | Annealed | 520 | 600 | 10 | 186 | — |
Un-annealed | 560 | 650 | 5 | 250 | 115000~130000 | ||
Aluminum manganese bronze | QAl9-2 | Soft | 360 | 450 | 18 | 300 | 92000 |
Hard | 480 | 600 | 5 | 500 | — | ||
Silicon-manganese bronze | QBi3-1 | Soft | 280~300 | 350~380 | 40~45 | 239 | 120000 |
Hard | 480~520 | 600~650 | 3~5 | 540 | — | ||
Extra-hard | 560~600 | 700~750 | 1~2 | — | — | ||
Beryllium bronze | QBe2 | Soft | 240~480 | 300~600 | 30 | 250~350 | 117000 |
Hard | 520 | 660 | 2 | 1280 | 132000~141000 | ||
Cupro-nickel | B19 | Soft | 240 | 300 | 25 | — | — |
Hard | 360 | 450 | 3 | ||||
Nickel silver | BZn15-20 | Soft | 280 | 350 | 35 | 207 | — |
Hard | 400 | 550 | 1 | 486 | 126000~140000 | ||
Extra-hard | 520 | 650 | — | ||||
Nickel | Ni-3~Ni-5 | Soft | 350 | 400 | 35 | 70 | — |
Hard | 470 | 550 | 2 | 210 | 210000~230000 | ||
German silver | BZn15-20 | Soft | 300 | 350 | 35 | — | — |
Hard | 480 | 550 | 1 | ||||
Extra-hard | 560 | 650 | 1 | ||||
Zinc | Zn-3~Zn-6 | — | 120~200 | 140~230 | 40 | 75 | 80000~130000 |
Lead | Pb-3~Pb-6 | — | 20~30 | 25~40 | 40~50 | 5~10 | 15000~17000 |
Tin | Sn1~Sn4 | — | 30~40 | 40~50 | — | 12 | 41500~55000 |
Titanium alloy | TA2 | Annealed | 360~480 | 450~600 | 25~30 | — | — |
TA3 | 440~600 | 550~750 | 20~25 | ||||
TA5 | 640~680 | 800~850 | 15 | 800~900 | 104000 | ||
Magnesium alloy | MB1 | Cold state | 120~140 | 170~190 | 3~5 | 120 | 40000 |
MB8 | 150~180 | 230~240 | 14~15 | 220 | 41000 | ||
MB1 | Preheat 300°C | 30~50 | 30~50 | 50~52 | — | 40000 | |
MB8 | 50~70 | 50~70 | 58~62 | — | 41000 | ||
Silver | — | — | — | 180 | 50 | 30 | 81000 |
Fungible alloy | Ni29Co18 | — | 400~500 | 500~600 | — | — | — |
Copper constantan | BMn40-1.5 | Soft | — | 400~600 | — | — | — |
Hard | — | 650 | — | — | — | ||
Tungsten | — | Annealed | — | 720 | 0 | 700 | 312000 |
Un-annealed | — | 1491 | 1~4 | 800 | 380000 | ||
Molybdenum | — | Annealed | 20~30 | 1400 | 20~25 | 385 | 280000 |
Un-annealed | 32~34 | 1600 | 2~5 | 595 | 300000 |
FAQs
What is metal strength?
Metal strength pertains to the ability of a metal material to resist permanent deformation and fracture under external forces.
These forces can be brought about by various modes of load, such as tension, compression, bending, shear, among others.
Thus, strength can be categorized into different forms, including tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength, and shear strength.
In many cases, there exists a correlation between these different forms of strength.
Usually, tensile strength, which represents the maximum stress a specimen can endure before breaking during a tensile test, is utilized as the fundamental measure of strength.
What does metal strength include?
Metal strength refers to the maximum ability of a metal material to resist damage caused by external forces. Metals exhibit different types of strength, such as:
- Tensile strength: Code: σb. This refers to the strength limit of a material under an external force when it’s stretched.
- Compressive strength: Code: σbc. This refers to the strength limit when an external force is applied to compress the material.
- Bending strength: Code: σbb. This refers to the ultimate shear strength when an external force is applied perpendicular to the material axis, causing the material to bend after the action.
For sheet metal, the strength characteristics also include shear strength, yield strength, impact performance, and both internal and external bending, among others.
What is tensile strength?
Tensile strength is a term used in the field of materials science to describe a material’s ability to resist uniform plastic deformation under tension.
It represents the maximum stress a material can bear before transitioning from uniform plastic deformation to localized concentrated deformation.
Tensile strength is also commonly used to assess a material’s overall strength and its capacity to endure static tension.
In the initial stage, the deformation is uniform until the maximum tensile stress limit is surpassed.
Beyond this point, the material starts to shrink, and the deformation becomes concentrated.
For brittle materials that lack uniform plastic deformation, tensile strength indicates their resilience against fracture.
The symbol for tensile strength is Rm, which used to be represented by σb in the old national standard GB/T 228-1987.
Megapascals (MPa) is the unit of measurement for tensile strength.
What is compressive strength?
Compressive strength, represented by the symbol σBC, refers to the maximum strength that a material can withstand when an external force applies pressure.
To determine the suitability of a stone for engineering purposes, it is essential to perform a mechanical strength test on the rock first.
The most critical strength test for stone is the compressive strength test.
What is bending strength?
Bending strength is the measure of a material’s ability to withstand cracking and bending. This type of strength is mainly used to evaluate brittle materials, such as ceramics.
There are two commonly used methods for measuring bending strength: the three-point bending test and the four-point bending test.
The three-point test is widely used due to its simplicity, while the four-point test involves two loading forces, making it more complex.
The value of bending strength is directly proportional to the maximum pressure applied.
What is the difference between metal strength and hardness
Although hardness and strength are separate terms, they both describe the mechanical properties of metallic materials that may vary under specific conditions.
Hardness: This term refers to a metal’s ability to resist indentation caused by hard objects, which indicates whether the metal is hard or soft.
Brinell hardness (HB), Rockwell hardness (HRC, HRB, and HRA), and Vickers hardness (HV) are commonly used hardness indices.
Strength: This term refers to a metal’s capacity to endure permanent deformation and fracture when exposed to external forces. It measures the metal’s ability to resist failure when under load.
Yield strength and tensile strength are commonly used strength indices.
Difference between metal strength and hardness:
There is a fundamental difference between metal strength and hardness.
Hardness is primarily utilized to assess and control the quality of heat treatment in metal components, while strength is a critical factor in the design and material selection of general components.
What is the strongest metal?
The strongest metals in descending order are tungsten, titanium, tritium, osmium, steel, iron, zirconium, chromium, vanadium, and tantalum.
Hi Shane, I’m in the process of purchasing a pneumatic press to punch a pattern from 0.5mm mild steel and corrugated tin can. The shape is that of a petal/flower 100x100mm. In your opinion, what sort of pressure capacity should I be looking out for ? Manually is extremely time consuming. Cheers, Jo.
Hope this helps:
Shear force depends on the perimeter. your pedals can probably be approximated with ovals or if they are all the same size an oval times the number.
The oval equation is:
p = 2pi times square root of [(a squared + b squared)/2]
or rewritten as: P=2π√[(a^2+ b^2)/2]
the a and the b are the length and width of the ovals.
Multiply by number of petals = permiter
Once you have the perimeter the punching force PF becomes:
PF = Perimeter x Thickness x Shear Strength
Steel cans vary from .14″ to about .11″
So the perimeter times about .13″ gives the cross sectional area being sheared
And low carbon steel is about 40,000 lbs/square inch
So take the cross sectional area being sheared multiply by 40,000 and that is your punch force approximation
thx
mt\
citations:
https://www.wilsontool.com/WilsonTool/files/31/31089b11-052b-451c-bb05-cd56aee1b9d2.pdf
https://www.unipunch.com/support/charts/material-specifications/
What is the source(s) of this information, and how can it be cited?
Our site is the source, you can cite this post with a link.
Metal sheeting on building walls.
Galvalume, 26 gauge, for example.
What shear strength, if any, does it have?
I use it as a roofing material, only. However, many builders use it as a wall covering. I don’t think it is designed, nor strong enough, to be used as a wall covering on its own.
Any thoughts?
I was just wondering how these values were found. How is it tested.
Do you have properties of paper? looking for shear strength of office papers. Thanks.
Sorry, we only provide the properties of metals.
Alloy structural steel has a typo. Shear
Strength of 440~6000 MPa!
I just revised the error, thanks very much.
Do you have the shear strength of EN24 (AISI 4340)?
The shear strength of AISI 4340 steel is approximately 600 MPa.