Recently we’ve been getting a lot of inquiries from readers about mechanical property (metal strength) tables for various metals, such as the shear strength, tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of steel, etc.
Note: The value of the shear strength of the material should be taken at the stamping temperature, which is usually 150~200℃ lower than the heating temperature.
Table of mechanical properties of non-ferrous metals
Metal strength refers to the ability of metal materials to resist permanent deformation and fracture under the action of external force.
Since the action modes of load include tension, compression, bending, shear and other forms, the strength is also divided into tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength, shear strength and so on.
There is often a certain connection between various strengths.
Generally, tensile strength (The maximum tensile stress that the specimen can bear before breaking during tensile test) is used as a very basic strength index.
What does metal strength include?
Metal strength refers to the maximum ability of metal materials to resist the damage of external forces.
Metals have various strengths.
For example:
Tensile strength:
Code: σ b. Refers to the strength limit of external force under tension.
Compressive strength:
Code σbc refers to the strength limit when the external force is press.
Bending strength:
Code σbb refers to the ultimate shear strength when the external force is perpendicular to the material axis and makes the material bend after action.
For sheet metal, the strength also includes:
Shear strength, yield strength, impact performance, internal and external bending, etc.
What is tensile strength?
Tensile strength, a physical term, is the critical value of the transition of metal from uniform plastic deformation to local concentrated plastic deformation, and it is also the maximum bearing capacity of metal under static tension.
Tensile strength is the resistance to the maximum uniform plastic deformation of the material.
Before the tensile sample bears the maximum tensile stress, the deformation is uniform, but after exceeding the maximum tensile stress, the metal begins to shrink, that is, concentrated deformation;
For brittle materials with no (or very small) uniform plastic deformation, it reflects the fracture resistance of the material.
The symbol is Rm (the symbol of tensile strength specified in the old national standard of GB / T 228-1987 is σb) , in MPa.
What is compressive strength?
Compressive strength, code σ BC, refers to the strength limit when external force applies pressure.
In order to understand the characteristics of stone and whether it is applicable in engineering, the mechanical strength test of rock must be carried out first.
The most important strength test is the test of compressive strength.
What is bending strength?
Bending strength refers to the ability of materials to resist bending and continuous cracking.
It is mainly used to investigate the strength of brittle materials such as ceramics.
Generally, three-point bending test or four-point test method is used for evaluation.
The four point test requires two loading forces, which is more complex; three point test is the most commonly used.
Its value is directly proportional to the maximum pressure.
What is the difference between metal strength and hardness
The concepts of hardness and strength are different, but they are indicators to measure the mechanical properties of metal materials, which can be converted under certain conditions.
Hardness: it is the ability of metal to resist hard objects pressing into its surface. It measures the hardness and softness of metal.
The commonly used hardness indexes are Brinell hardness (HB), Rockwell hardness (HRC, HRB and HRA) and Vickers hardness (HV).
Strength: it refers to the ability of metal to resist permanent deformation and fracture under the action of external force. It measures the ability of metal to resist failure after bearing load.
The commonly used strength indexes are: yield strength and tensile strength.
The difference between metal strength and hardness:
Hardness is mainly used to check and control the heat treatment quality of metal parts.
Strength is an important basis for the design and material selection of general parts.
What is the strongest metal?
The strongest metal is tungsten, followed by titanium, tritium, osmium, iron, steel, zirconium, chromium, vanadium and tantalum.
Hi, I'm Shane—founder of MachineMfg. I have worked in the metalworking industry for more than 10 years. I do a lot of thinking, reading, and writing around sheet metal fabrication, machining, mechanical engineering, and machine tools for metals.
Hi Shane, I’m in the process of purchasing a pneumatic press to punch a pattern from 0.5mm mild steel and corrugated tin can. The shape is that of a petal/flower 100x100mm. In your opinion, what sort of pressure capacity should I be looking out for ? Manually is extremely time consuming. Cheers, Jo.
Hope this helps:
Shear force depends on the perimeter. your pedals can probably be approximated with ovals or if they are all the same size an oval times the number.
The oval equation is:
p = 2pi times square root of [(a squared + b squared)/2]
or rewritten as: P=2π√[(a^2+ b^2)/2]
the a and the b are the length and width of the ovals.
Multiply by number of petals = permiter
Once you have the perimeter the punching force PF becomes:
PF = Perimeter x Thickness x Shear Strength
Steel cans vary from .14″ to about .11″
So the perimeter times about .13″ gives the cross sectional area being sheared
And low carbon steel is about 40,000 lbs/square inch
So take the cross sectional area being sheared multiply by 40,000 and that is your punch force approximation
thx
mt\
Metal sheeting on building walls.
Galvalume, 26 gauge, for example.
What shear strength, if any, does it have?
I use it as a roofing material, only. However, many builders use it as a wall covering. I don’t think it is designed, nor strong enough, to be used as a wall covering on its own.
Any thoughts?
Hi Shane, I’m in the process of purchasing a pneumatic press to punch a pattern from 0.5mm mild steel and corrugated tin can. The shape is that of a petal/flower 100x100mm. In your opinion, what sort of pressure capacity should I be looking out for ? Manually is extremely time consuming. Cheers, Jo.
Hope this helps:
Shear force depends on the perimeter. your pedals can probably be approximated with ovals or if they are all the same size an oval times the number.
The oval equation is:
p = 2pi times square root of [(a squared + b squared)/2]
or rewritten as: P=2π√[(a^2+ b^2)/2]
the a and the b are the length and width of the ovals.
Multiply by number of petals = permiter
Once you have the perimeter the punching force PF becomes:
PF = Perimeter x Thickness x Shear Strength
Steel cans vary from .14″ to about .11″
So the perimeter times about .13″ gives the cross sectional area being sheared
And low carbon steel is about 40,000 lbs/square inch
So take the cross sectional area being sheared multiply by 40,000 and that is your punch force approximation
thx
mt\
citations:
https://www.wilsontool.com/WilsonTool/files/31/31089b11-052b-451c-bb05-cd56aee1b9d2.pdf
https://www.unipunch.com/support/charts/material-specifications/
What is the source(s) of this information, and how can it be cited?
Our site is the source, you can cite this post with a link.
Metal sheeting on building walls.
Galvalume, 26 gauge, for example.
What shear strength, if any, does it have?
I use it as a roofing material, only. However, many builders use it as a wall covering. I don’t think it is designed, nor strong enough, to be used as a wall covering on its own.
Any thoughts?
I was just wondering how these values were found. How is it tested.