To cater to the requirements of our readers, we have developed a table of mechanical properties for a range of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.
Related reading: Ferrous vs Non-ferrous Metals
Mechanical Properties Chart of Ferrous Metals
(1) Metal Shear Strength, Tensile Strength, Elongation, Yield Strength & Elastic Modulus Chart
Material | Grade | Material Status | Shear Strength τ (MPa) | Tensile Strength σb (MPa) | Elongation σs (%) | Yield Strength δ (MPa) | Elastic Modulus Е (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Industrial pure iron for electricians C>0.025 | DT1 DT2 DT3 | annealed | 180 | 230 | 26 | — | |
Electrical Silicon Steel | D11 D12 D21 D31 D32 D370 D310~340 S41~48 | annealed | 190 | 230 | 26 | — | |
Ordinary carbon steel | Q195 | unannealed | 260~320 | 315~390 | 28~33 | 195 | |
Q215 | 270~340 | 335~410 | 26~31 | 215 | |||
Q235 | 310~380 | 375~460 | 21~26 | 235 | |||
Q255 | 340~420 | 410~510 | 19~24 | 255 | |||
Q275 | 400~500 | 490~610 | 15~20 | 275 | |||
Carbon tool steel | 08F | annealed | 220~310 | 280~390 | 32 | 180 | |
10F | 260~360 | 330~450 | 32 | 200 | 190000 | ||
15F | 220~340 | 280~420 | 30 | 190 | |||
08 | 260~340 | 300~440 | 29 | 210 | 198000 | ||
10 | 250~370 | 320~460 | 28 | — | |||
15 | 270~380 | 340~480 | 26 | 280 | 202000 | ||
20 | — | 280~400 | 360~510 | 35 | 250 | 21000 | |
25 | 320~440 | 400~550 | 34 | 280 | 202000 | ||
30 | 360~480 | 450~600 | 22 | 300 | 201000 | ||
35 | 400~520 | 500~650 | 20 | 320 | 201000 | ||
40 | 420~540 | 520~670 | 18 | 340 | 213500 | ||
45 | 440~560 | 550~700 | 16 | 360 | 204000 | ||
50 | normalized | 440~580 | 550~730 | 14 | 380 | 220000 | |
55 | 550 | ≥670 | 43 | 390 | — | ||
60 | 550 | ≥700 | 12 | 410 | 208000 | ||
65 | 600 | ≥730 | 10 | 420 | — | ||
70 | 600 | ≥760 | 9 | 430 | 210000 | ||
T7~T12 T7A~T12A | annealed | 600 | 750 | 10 | — | — | |
T8A | cold hardened | 600~950 | 750~1200 | — | — | — | |
High-quality carbon steel | 10Mn | annealed | 320~460 | 400~580 | 22 | 230 | 211000 |
65Mn | 600 | 750 | 12 | 400 | 21000 | ||
Alloy structural steel | 25CrMnSiA 25CrMnSi | low-temperature annealed | 400~560 | 500~700 | 18 | 950 | — |
30CrMnSiA 30CrMnSi | 440~600 | 550~750 | 16 | 1450 850 | — | ||
Quality spring steel | 60Si2Mn 60Si2MnA 65SiWA | low-temperature annealed | 720 | 900 | 10 | 1200 | 200000 |
cold hardened | 640~960 | 800~1200 | 10 | 1400 1600 | — | ||
Stainless steel | 1Cr13 | annealed | 320~380 | 400~470 | 21 | 420 | 210000 |
2Cr13 | 320~400 | 400~500 | 20 | 450 | 210000 | ||
3Cr13 | 400~480 | 500~600 | 18 | 480 | 210000 | ||
4Cr13 | 400~480 | 500~600 | 15 | 500 | 210000 | ||
1Cr18Ni19 2Cr18Ni19 | heat-treated | 460~520 | 580~640 | 35 | 200 | 200000 | |
rolled, cold-hardened | 800~880 | 1000~1100 | 38 | 220 | 200000 | ||
1Cr18Ni9Ti | Heat-treated softened | 430~550 | 540~700 | 40 | 200 | 200000 |
(2) Steel Shear Strength of Steel When Heated
Steel Grade | Heating temperature ℃ | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
200 | 500 | 600 | 700 | 800 | 900 | |
Q195, Q215, 08, 15 | 360 | 320 | 200 | 110 | 60 | 30 |
Q235, Q255, 20, 25 | 450 | 450 | 240 | 130 | 90 | 60 |
Q275, 30, 35 | 530 | 520 | 330 | 160 | 90 | 70 |
40, 45, 50 | 600 | 580 | 380 | 190 | 90 | 70 |
Note: When determining the shear strength of a material, it is important to take into account the stamping temperature, which is typically 150~200℃ lower than the heating temperature.
Mechanical Properties Chart of Non-ferrous Metals
Material | Grade | Material Status | Shear Strength τ (MPa) | Tensile Strength σb (MPa) | Elongation σs (%) | Yield Strength δ (MPa) | Elastic Modulus Е (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aluminum | 1070A 1050A 1200 | Annealed | 80 | 75~110 | 25 | 50~80 | 72000 |
Cold hardened | 100 | 120~150 | 4 | 120~240 | |||
Aluminum manganese alloys | 3A21 | Annealed | 70~100 | 110~145 | 19 | 50 | 71000 |
Semi-cold hardened | 100~140 | 155~200 | 13 | 130 | |||
Aluminum-magnesium alloy Aluminum-magnesium-copper alloy | SA02 | Annealed | 130~160 | 180~230 | — | 100 | 70000 |
Semi-cold hardened | 160~200 | 230~280 | 210 | ||||
High strength aluminum-magnesium-copper alloy | 7A04 | Annealed | 170 | 250 | — | — | — |
Hardened and artificially aged | 350 | 500 | 460 | 70000 | |||
Magnesium-manganese alloy | MB1 MB8 | Annealed | 120~140 | 170~190 | 3~5 | 98 | 43600 |
Annealed | 170~190 | 220~230 | 12~24 | 140 | 40000 | ||
Cold hardened | 190~200 | 240~250 | 8~10 | 160 | |||
Rigid aluminum | 2Al12 | Annealed | 105~150 | 150~215 | 12 | — | — |
Hardened with natural aging | 280~310 | 400~440 | 15 | 368 | 72000 | ||
Cold hardened after hardening | 280~320 | 400~460 | 10 | 340 | |||
Pure copper | T1 T2 T3 | Soft | 160 | 200 | 30 | 70 | 108000 |
Hard | 240 | 300 | 3 | 380 | 130000 | ||
Brass | H62 | Soft | 260 | 300 | 35 | 380 | 100000 |
Semi-hard | 300 | 380 | 20 | 200 | — | ||
Hard | 420 | 420 | 10 | 480 | — | ||
Brass | H68 | Soft | 240 | 300 | 40 | 100 | 110000 |
Semi-hard | 280 | 350 | 25 | — | |||
Hard | 400 | 400 | 15 | 250 | 115000 | ||
Lead brass | HPb59-1 | Soft | 300 | 350 | 25 | 142 | 93000 |
Hard | 400 | 450 | 5 | 420 | 105000 | ||
Manganese brass | HMn58-2 | Soft | 340 | 390 | 25 | 170 | 100000 |
Semi-hard | 400 | 450 | 15 | — | |||
Hard | 520 | 600 | 5 | ||||
Tin-phosphorus bronze Tin-Zinc-Bronze | QSn4-4-2.5 QSn4-3 | Soft | 260 | 300 | 38 | 140 | 100000 |
Hard | 480 | 550 | 3~5 | ||||
Extra-hard | 500 | 650 | 1~2 | 546 | 124000 | ||
Aluminum bronze | QAl17 | Annealed | 520 | 600 | 10 | 186 | — |
Un-annealed | 560 | 650 | 5 | 250 | 115000~130000 | ||
Aluminum manganese bronze | QAl9-2 | Soft | 360 | 450 | 18 | 300 | 92000 |
Hard | 480 | 600 | 5 | 500 | — | ||
Silicon-manganese bronze | QBi3-1 | Soft | 280~300 | 350~380 | 40~45 | 239 | 120000 |
Hard | 480~520 | 600~650 | 3~5 | 540 | — | ||
Extra-hard | 560~600 | 700~750 | 1~2 | — | — | ||
Beryllium bronze | QBe2 | Soft | 240~480 | 300~600 | 30 | 250~350 | 117000 |
Hard | 520 | 660 | 2 | 1280 | 132000~141000 | ||
Cupro-nickel | B19 | Soft | 240 | 300 | 25 | — | — |
Hard | 360 | 450 | 3 | ||||
Nickel silver | BZn15-20 | Soft | 280 | 350 | 35 | 207 | — |
Hard | 400 | 550 | 1 | 486 | 126000~140000 | ||
Extra-hard | 520 | 650 | — | ||||
Nickel | Ni-3~Ni-5 | Soft | 350 | 400 | 35 | 70 | — |
Hard | 470 | 550 | 2 | 210 | 210000~230000 | ||
German silver | BZn15-20 | Soft | 300 | 350 | 35 | — | — |
Hard | 480 | 550 | 1 | ||||
Extra-hard | 560 | 650 | 1 | ||||
Zinc | Zn-3~Zn-6 | — | 120~200 | 140~230 | 40 | 75 | 80000~130000 |
Lead | Pb-3~Pb-6 | — | 20~30 | 25~40 | 40~50 | 5~10 | 15000~17000 |
Tin | Sn1~Sn4 | — | 30~40 | 40~50 | — | 12 | 41500~55000 |
Titanium alloy | TA2 | Annealed | 360~480 | 450~600 | 25~30 | — | — |
TA3 | 440~600 | 550~750 | 20~25 | ||||
TA5 | 640~680 | 800~850 | 15 | 800~900 | 104000 | ||
Magnesium alloy | MB1 | Cold state | 120~140 | 170~190 | 3~5 | 120 | 40000 |
MB8 | 150~180 | 230~240 | 14~15 | 220 | 41000 | ||
MB1 | Preheat 300°C | 30~50 | 30~50 | 50~52 | — | 40000 | |
MB8 | 50~70 | 50~70 | 58~62 | — | 41000 | ||
Silver | — | — | — | 180 | 50 | 30 | 81000 |
Fungible alloy | Ni29Co18 | — | 400~500 | 500~600 | — | — | — |
Copper constantan | BMn40-1.5 | Soft | — | 400~600 | — | — | — |
Hard | — | 650 | — | — | — | ||
Tungsten | — | Annealed | — | 720 | 0 | 700 | 312000 |
Un-annealed | — | 1491 | 1~4 | 800 | 380000 | ||
Molybdenum | — | Annealed | 20~30 | 1400 | 20~25 | 385 | 280000 |
Un-annealed | 32~34 | 1600 | 2~5 | 595 | 300000 |
3. Shear Strength for Various Metals
(1) Shear Strength for Ferrous Metals
Here is the shear strength information for various metals:
- Industrial Pure Iron for Electricians (DT1, DT2, DT3): Shear Strength – 180 MPa (annealed)
- Electrical Silicon Steel (D11, D12, D21, D31, D32, D370, D310, S41~48): Shear Strength – 190 MPa (annealed)
- Ordinary Carbon Steel (Q195): Shear Strength – 260~320 MPa (unannealed)
- Ordinary Carbon Steel (Q215): Shear Strength – 270~340 MPa
- Ordinary Carbon Steel (Q235): Shear Strength – 310~380 MPa
- Ordinary Carbon Steel (Q255): Shear Strength – 340~420 MPa
- Ordinary Carbon Steel (Q275): Shear Strength – 400~500 MPa
- Carbon Tool Steel (08F): Shear Strength – 220~310 MPa (annealed)
- Carbon Tool Steel (10F): Shear Strength – 260~360 MPa
- Carbon Tool Steel (15F): Shear Strength – 220~340 MPa
- Carbon Tool Steel (08): Shear Strength – 260~340 MPa
- Carbon Tool Steel (10): Shear Strength – 250~370 MPa
- Carbon Tool Steel (15): Shear Strength – 270~380 MPa
- Carbon Tool Steel (20): Shear Strength – 280~400 MPa
- Carbon Tool Steel (25): Shear Strength – 320~440 MPa
- Carbon Tool Steel (30): Shear Strength – 360~480 MPa
- Carbon Tool Steel (35): Shear Strength – 400~520 MPa
- Carbon Tool Steel (40): Shear Strength – 420~540 MPa
- Carbon Tool Steel (45): Shear Strength – 440~560 MPa
- Carbon Tool Steel (50): Shear Strength – 440~580 MPa (normalized)
- Carbon Tool Steel (55): Shear Strength – 550 MPa (≥670)
- Carbon Tool Steel (60): Shear Strength – 600 MPa (≥730)
- Carbon Tool Steel (70): Shear Strength – 600 MPa (≥760)
- Carbon Tool Steel (T7~T12, T7A~T12A): Shear Strength – 600 MPa (annealed), 600~950 MPa (cold hardened)
- High-Quality Carbon Steel (10Mn): Shear Strength – 320~460 MPa (annealed)
- High-Quality Carbon Steel (65Mn): Shear Strength – 600 MPa
- Alloy Structural Steel (25CrMnSiA, 25CrMnSi): Shear Strength – 400~560 MPa (low-temperature annealed)
- Alloy Structural Steel (30CrMnSiA, 30CrMnSi): Shear Strength – 440~600 MPa
- Quality Spring Steel (60Si2Mn, 60Si2MnA, 65SiWAl): Shear Strength – 720 MPa (low-temperature annealed), 640~960 MPa (cold hardened)
- Stainless Steel (1Cr13): Shear Strength – 320~380 MPa (annealed)
- Stainless Steel (2Cr13): Shear Strength – 320~400 MPa
- Stainless Steel (3Cr13): Shear Strength – 400~480 MPa
- Stainless Steel (4Cr13): Shear Strength – 400~480 MPa
- Stainless Steel (1Cr18Ni19, 2Cr18Ni19): Shear Strength – 460~520 MPa (heat-treated), 800~880 MPa (rolled, cold-hardened)
- Stainless Steel (1Cr18Ni9Ti): Shear Strength – 430~550 MPa (Heat-treated softened)
(2) Shear Strength for Non-ferrous Metals
Continuing with the shear strength information for Non-ferrous Metals as listed in the “Metal Mechanical Properties Chart” on MachineMfg.com:
- Aluminum (1070A, 1050A, 1200):
- Annealed: Shear Strength – 80 MPa
- Cold Hardened: Shear Strength – 100 MPa
- Aluminum Manganese Alloys (3A21):
- Annealed: Shear Strength – 70~100 MPa
- Semi-Cold Hardened: Shear Strength – 100~140 MPa
- Aluminum-Magnesium-Copper Alloy (SA02):
- Annealed: Shear Strength – 130~160 MPa
- Semi-Cold Hardened: Shear Strength – 160~200 MPa
- High Strength Aluminum-Magnesium-Copper Alloy (7A04):
- Annealed: Shear Strength – 170 MPa
- Hardened and Artificially Aged: Shear Strength – 350 MPa
- Magnesium-Manganese Alloy (MB1, MB8):
- Annealed: Shear Strength – 120~140 MPa
- Cold Hardened: Shear Strength – 190~200 MPa
- Rigid Aluminum (2Al12):
- Annealed: Shear Strength – 105~150 MPa
- Hardened with Natural Aging: Shear Strength – 280~310 MPa
- Cold Hardened after Hardening: Shear Strength – 280~320 MPa
- Pure Copper (T1, T2, T3):
- Soft: Shear Strength – 160 MPa
- Hard: Shear Strength – 240 MPa
- Brass (H62):
- Soft: Shear Strength – 260 MPa
- Semi-Hard: Shear Strength – 300 MPa
- Hard: Shear Strength – 420 MPa
- Brass (H68):
- Soft: Shear Strength – 240 MPa
- Semi-Hard: Shear Strength – 280 MPa
- Hard: Shear Strength – 400 MPa
- Lead Brass (HPb59-1):
- Soft: Shear Strength – 300 MPa
- Hard: Shear Strength – 400 MPa
- Manganese Brass (HMn58-2):
- Soft: Shear Strength – 340 MPa
- Semi-Hard: Shear Strength – 400 MPa
- Hard: Shear Strength – 520 MPa
- Tin-Phosphorus Bronze (QSn4-4-2.5, QSn4-3):
- Soft: Shear Strength – 260 MPa
- Hard: Shear Strength – 480 MPa
- Extra-Hard: Shear Strength – 500 MPa
- Aluminum Bronze (QAl17):
- Annealed: Shear Strength – 520 MPa
- Un-Annealed: Shear Strength – 560 MPa
- Aluminum Manganese Bronze (QAl9-2):
- Soft: Shear Strength – 360 MPa
- Hard: Shear Strength – 480 MPa
- Silicon-Manganese Bronze (QBi3-1):
- Soft: Shear Strength – 280~300 MPa
- Hard: Shear Strength – 480~520 MPa
- Extra-Hard: Shear Strength – 560~600 MPa
- Beryllium Bronze (QBe2):
- Soft: Shear Strength – 240~480 MPa
- Hard: Shear Strength – 520 MPa
- Cupro-Nickel (B19):
- Soft: Shear Strength – 240 MPa
- Hard: Shear Strength – 360 MPa
- Nickel Silver (BZn15-20):
- Soft: Shear Strength – 280 MPa
- Hard: Shear Strength – 400 MPa
- Extra-Hard: Shear Strength – 520 MPa
- German Silver (BZn15-20):
- Soft: Shear Strength – 300 MPa
- Hard: Shear Strength – 480 MPa
- Extra-Hard: Shear Strength – 560 MPa
- Zinc (Zn-3 to Zn-6):
- Shear Strength – 120~200 MPa
- Lead (Pb-3 to Pb-6):
- Shear Strength – 20~30 MPa
- Tin (Sn1 to Sn4):
- Shear Strength – 30~40 MPa
- Titanium Alloy (TA2):
- Annealed: Shear Strength – 360~480 MPa
- Titanium Alloy (TA3):
- Shear Strength – 440~600 MPa
- Titanium Alloy (TA5):
- Shear Strength – 640~680 MPa
- Magnesium Alloy (MB1, MB8 in Cold State):
- MB1: Shear Strength – 120~140 MPa
- MB8: Shear Strength – 150~180 MPa
- Magnesium Alloy (MB1, MB8 Preheated at 300°C):
- MB1: Shear Strength – 30~50 MPa
- MB8: Shear Strength – 50~70 MPa
- Silver:
- Shear Strength – 180 MPa
- Fungible Alloy (Ni29Co18):
- Shear Strength – 400~500 MPa
- Copper Constantan (BMn40-1.5):
- Soft: Shear Strength – 400~600 MPa
- Hard: Shear Strength – 650 MPa
- Tungsten:
- Annealed: Shear Strength – 720 MPa
- Un-Annealed: Shear Strength – 1491 MPa
- Molybdenum:
- Annealed: Shear Strength – 20~30 MPa
- Un-Annealed: Shear Strength – 32~34 MPa
This comprehensive list covers a wide range of metals, providing essential information for applications where shear strength is a critical factor. This information is crucial for engineers and designers in selecting the appropriate materials for various applications based on shear strength requirements.
What are the international standards for steel shear strength testing?
The international standards for steel shear strength testing encompass the ASTM and ISO series. In the United States, there are multiple ASTM standards used for measuring shear strength, including ASTMB831, D732, D4255, D5379, and D7078. Internationally, ISO shear strength testing standards include ISO3597, 12579, and 14130. Additionally, there is the ISO 10123 standard, which is specific to steel.
Therefore, the primary international standards for steel shear strength testing are the relevant ones within the ASTM and ISO series.
What are the differences in shear strength between different types of steel (such as 45# steel, Q235 steel) in practical applications, and what causes these differences?
The differences in shear strength between 45# steel and Q235 steel in practical applications and their causes mainly reflect in their chemical compositions, mechanical properties, and applicable scenarios.
Firstly, in terms of chemical composition, Q235 steel is a low-carbon steel, with its carbon content around 0.2%, while 45# steel is a medium-carbon steel, with a carbon content of approximately 0.45%. These differences in chemical composition lead to variations in the performance of the two types of steel.
Secondly, regarding mechanical properties, the yield strength of Q235 steel is about 235MPa, whereas that of 45# steel is higher, reaching up to 355MPa. This indicates that 45# steel has a stronger ability to resist minor plastic deformation, meaning it has higher strength and hardness. Moreover, the permissible shear stress of Q235 steel is 98MPa, while the shear strength range of Q235 material is from 141 to 188 MPa, further demonstrating the relatively weaker shear performance of Q235 steel.
Finally, since 45# steel can enhance its strength and hardness after heat treatment through quenching, it is more suitable for scenarios requiring high load-bearing and good wear resistance, such as manufacturing mechanical parts. In contrast, due to its higher plasticity and lower strength, Q235 steel is more suitable for stretching, rolling processing, like making profiles, plates, etc.
Hi Shane, I’m in the process of purchasing a pneumatic press to punch a pattern from 0.5mm mild steel and corrugated tin can. The shape is that of a petal/flower 100x100mm. In your opinion, what sort of pressure capacity should I be looking out for ? Manually is extremely time consuming. Cheers, Jo.
Hope this helps:
Shear force depends on the perimeter. your pedals can probably be approximated with ovals or if they are all the same size an oval times the number.
The oval equation is:
p = 2pi times square root of [(a squared + b squared)/2]
or rewritten as: P=2π√[(a^2+ b^2)/2]
the a and the b are the length and width of the ovals.
Multiply by number of petals = permiter
Once you have the perimeter the punching force PF becomes:
PF = Perimeter x Thickness x Shear Strength
Steel cans vary from .14″ to about .11″
So the perimeter times about .13″ gives the cross sectional area being sheared
And low carbon steel is about 40,000 lbs/square inch
So take the cross sectional area being sheared multiply by 40,000 and that is your punch force approximation
thx
mt\
citations:
https://www.wilsontool.com/WilsonTool/files/31/31089b11-052b-451c-bb05-cd56aee1b9d2.pdf
https://www.unipunch.com/support/charts/material-specifications/
What is the source(s) of this information, and how can it be cited?
Our site is the source, you can cite this post with a link.
Metal sheeting on building walls.
Galvalume, 26 gauge, for example.
What shear strength, if any, does it have?
I use it as a roofing material, only. However, many builders use it as a wall covering. I don’t think it is designed, nor strong enough, to be used as a wall covering on its own.
Any thoughts?
I was just wondering how these values were found. How is it tested.
Do you have properties of paper? looking for shear strength of office papers. Thanks.
Sorry, we only provide the properties of metals.
Alloy structural steel has a typo. Shear
Strength of 440~6000 MPa!
I just revised the error, thanks very much.
Do you have the shear strength of EN24 (AISI 4340)?
The shear strength of AISI 4340 steel is approximately 600 MPa.