Steel is one of the most important materials used in various industries, ranging from construction and manufacturing to transportation and energy.
However, not all steel is created equal. There are various grades and classifications of steel, each with its own unique properties and characteristics.
Understanding the different types of steel can be overwhelming, as it involves a combination of letters, chemical symbols, and numerical codes. But fear not, because in this article, we will break down the complex world of steel grades and provide a comprehensive guide to help you understand the classification system.
We will explore the various criteria used to classify steel, such as chemical composition, smelting method, processing technology, product shape, deoxidation methods, microstructure, strength level, and heat treatment process.
We will also highlight some of the most common steel grades used in different industries, such as mild steel, medium carbon steel, and high carbon steel.
By the end of this article, you will have a better understanding of the steel grades chart and be able to identify the right type of steel for your specific needs.
So, let’s dive into the fascinating world of steel grades and discover what makes this material so essential to our modern world.
What Is Steel Grade?
The classification of steel products is typically represented by a combination of letters, chemical element symbols, and Arabic numerals to denote its name, purpose, characteristics, and production process.
This system has been developed over many years by various national standardization organizations, such as the European EN standards, American ASTM standards and AISI standards, Japanese JIS standards, Chinese GB standards, and international ISO standards.
Steel is generally classified based on the following criteria:
- Chemical composition: including carbon steel, low alloy steel, and stainless steel
- Smelting method: including open hearth steel, converter steel, and electric furnace steel
- Processing technology: including hot rolled steel and cold rolled steel
- Product shape: such as thick plates, thin plates, strips, pipes, and profiles
- Deoxidation methods: including killed steel, semi-killed steel, and boiling steel
- Microstructure: including ferritic steel, pearlitic steel, and martensitic steel
- Strength level: for example, the tensile strength of grade C in the ASTM A420 standard ranges from 515 to 655 MPa
- Heat treatment process: including annealing, quenching, tempering, and thermomechanical processing.
Steel is often categorized based on its carbon content into the following three groups:
- Mild steel, including AISI 1005 to AISI 1026, IF, HSLA, TRIP, and TWIN steel
- Medium carbon steel, such as AISI 1029 to AISI 1053
- High carbon steel, such as AISI 1055 to AISI 1095.
Moreover, based on the European standard classification, steel can be further divided into the following categories:
- Non-alloy steel, such as ENDC01-DC06; S235; S275
- Alloy steel, such as 2CrMo4 and 25CrMo4
- Stainless steel
- Tool steel, such as EN1545; AISI/SAE W110; EN 1.2436, AISI/SAE D6
- Plate and strip
- Electrical steel plates and strips, such as EN0890 and EN 1.0803.
It’s worth noting that sometimes, special steel grades may have different characteristics due to variations in standards.
For instance, 34CrMo4 is defined by both DIN and EN. The EN standard includes six subgroup specifications, while the DIN standard has different specifications.
These steel specifications outline changes in tensile properties that result from various thermomechanical treatments.
Steel Grades Chart of 7 Countries
Grade Chart of Carbon Structural Steel
China | former Soviet Union | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Steel Grades | GB | ГОСТ | ASTM | BS | JIS | NF | DIN |
Quality Carbon Structural Steel | 08F | 08КП | 1006 | 040A04 | S09CK | C10 | |
8 | 8 | 1008 | 045M10 | S9CK | C10 | ||
10F | 1010 | 040A10 | XC10 | ||||
10 | 10 | 10 101 012 | 045M10 | S10C | XC10 | C10 CK10 | |
15 | 15 | 1015 | 095M15 | S15C | XC12 | C15 CK15 | |
20 | 20 | 1020 | 050A20 | S20C | XC18 | C22 CK22 | |
25 | 25 | 1025 | S25C | CK25 | |||
30 | 30 | 1030 | 060A30 | S30C | XC32 | ||
35 | 35 | 1035 | 060A35 | S35C | XC38TS | C35 CK35 | |
40 | 40 | 1040 | 080A40 | S40C | XC38H1 | ||
45 | 45 | 1045 | 080M46 | S45C | XC45 | C45 CK45 | |
50 | 50 | 1050 | 060A52 | S50C | XC48TS | CK53 | |
55 | 55 | 1055 | 070M55 | S55C | XC55 | ||
60 | 60 | 1060 | 080A62 | S58C | XC55 | C60 CK60 | |
15Mn | 15Г | 10 161 115 | 080A17 | SB46 | XC12 | 14Mn4 | |
20Mn | 20Г | 10 211 022 | 080A20 | XC18 | |||
30Mn | 30Г | 10 301 033 | 080A32 | S30C | XC32 | ||
40Mn | 40Г | 10 361 040 | 080A40 | S40C | 40M5 | 40Mn4 | |
45Mn | 45Г | 10 431 045 | 080A47 | S45C | |||
50Mn | 50Г | 10 501 052 | 030A52 | S53C | XC48 | ||
080M50 |
Grade Chart of Alloy Structure Steel
China | former Soviet Union | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Steel Grades | GB | ГОСТ | ASTM | BS | JIS | NF | DIN |
Alloy Structure Steel | 20Mn2 | 20Г2 | 13 201 321 | 150M19 | SMn420 | 20Mn5 | |
30Mn2 | 30Г2 | 1330 | 150M28 | SMn433H | 32M5 | 30Mn5 | |
35Mn2 | 35Г2 | 1335 | 150M36 | SMn438 (H) | 35M5 | 36Mn5 | |
40Mn2 | 40Г2 | 1340 | SMn443 | 40M5 | |||
45Mn2 | 45Г2 | 1345 | SMn443 | 46Mn7 | |||
50Mn2 | 50Г2 | ~55M5 | |||||
20MnV | 20MnV6 | ||||||
35SiMn | 35CГ | En46 | 37MnSi5 | ||||
42SiMn | 35CГ | En46 | 46MnSi4 | ||||
40B | TS14B35 | ||||||
45B | 50B46H | ||||||
40MnB | 50B40 | ||||||
45MnB | 50B44 | ||||||
15Cr | 15X | 5115 | 523M15 | SCr415 (H) | 12C3 | 15Cr3 | |
20Cr | 20X | 5120 | 527A19 | SCr420H | 18C3 | 20Cr4 | |
30Cr | 30X | 5130 | 530A30 | SCr430 | 28Cr4 | ||
35Cr | 35X | 5132 | 530A36 | SCr430 (H) | 32C4 | 34Cr4 | |
40Cr | 40X | 5140 | 520M40 | SCr440 | 42C4 | 41Cr4 | |
45Cr | 45X | 51 455 147 | 534A99 | SCr445 | 45C4 | ||
38CrSi | 38XC | ||||||
12CrMo | 12XM | 620CR.B | 12CD4 | 13CrMo44 | |||
15CrMo | 15XM | A-387Cr . B | 1653 | STC42 | 12CD4 | 16CrMo44 | |
STT42 | |||||||
STB42 | |||||||
20CrMo | 20XM | 41 194 118 | CDS12 | SCT42 | 18CD4 | 20CrMo44 | |
CDS110 | STT42 | ||||||
STB42 | |||||||
25CrMo | 4125 | En20A | 25CD4 | 25CrMo4 | |||
30CrMo | 30XM | 4130 | 1717COS110 | SCM420 | 30CD4 | ||
42CrMo | 4140 | 708A42 | 42CD4 | 42CrMo4 | |||
708M40 | |||||||
35CrMo | 35XM | 4135 | 708A37 | SCM3 | 35CD4 | 34CrMo4 | |
12CrMoV | 12XMΦ | ||||||
12Cr1MoV | 12X1MΦ | 13CrMoV42 | |||||
25Cr2Mo1VA | 25X2M1ΦA | ||||||
20CrV | 20XΦ | 6120 | 22CrV4 | ||||
40CrV | 40XΦA | 6140 | 42CrV6 | ||||
50CrVA | 50XΦA | 6150 | 735A30 | SUP10 | 50CV4 | 50CrV4 | |
15CrMn | 15XГ,18XГ | ||||||
20CrMn | 20XГCA | 5152 | 527A60 | SUP9 | |||
30CrMnSiA | 30XГCA | ||||||
40CrNi | 40XH | 3140H | 640M40 | SNC236 | 40NiCr6 | ||
20CrNi3A | 20XH3A | 3316 | 20NC11 | 20NiCr14 | |||
30CrNi3A | 30XH3A | 3325 | 653M31 | SNC631H | 28NiCr10 | ||
3330 | SNC631 | ||||||
20MnMoB | 80B20 | ||||||
38CrMoAlA | 38XMIOA | 905M39 | SACM645 | 40CAD6.12 | 41CrAlMo07 | ||
40CrNiMoA | 40XHMA | 4340 | 871M40 | SNCM439 | 40NiCrMo22 |
Grade Chart of Spring Steel
China | former Soviet Union | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Steel Grades | GB | ГОСТ | ASTM | BS | JIS | NF | DIN |
Spring Steel | 60 | 60 | 1060 | 080A62 | S58C | XC55 | C60 |
85 | 85 | C1085 | 080A86 | SUP3 | |||
1084 | |||||||
65Mn | 65Г | 1566 | |||||
55Si2Mn | 55C2Г | 9255 | 250A53 | SUP6 | 55S6 | 55Si7 | |
60Si2MnA | 60C2ГA | 9260 | 250A61 | SUP7 | 61S7 | 65Si7 | |
9260H | |||||||
50CrVA | 50XΦA | 6150 | 735A50 | SUP10 | 50CV4 | 50CrV4 |
Grade Chart of Roller Bearing Steel
China | former Soviet Union | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Steel Grades | GB | ГОСТ | ASTM | BS | JIS | NF | DIN |
Roller Bearing Steel | GCr9 | ШX9 | E51100 | SUJ1 | 100C5 | 105Cr4 | |
51100 | |||||||
GCr9SiMn | SUJ3 | ||||||
GCr15 | ШX15 | E52100 | 534A99 | SUJ2 | 100C6 | 100Cr6 | |
52100 | |||||||
GCr15SiMn | ШX15CГ | 100CrMn6 |
Grade Chart of Free Cutting Steel
China | former Soviet Union | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Steel Grades | GB | ГОСТ | ASTM | BS | JIS | NF | DIN |
Free Cutting Steel | Y12 | A12 | C1109 | SUM12 | |||
Y15 | B1113 | 220M07 | SUM22 | 10S20 | |||
Y20 | A20 | C1120 | SUM32 | 20F2 | 22S20 | ||
Y30 | A30 | C1130 | SUM42 | 35S20 | |||
Y40Mn | A40Г | C1144 | 225M36 | 45MF2 | 40S20 |
Grade Chart of Wear Resisting Steel
China | former Soviet Union | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Steel Grades | GB | ГОСТ | ASTM | BS | JIS | NF | DIN |
Wear Resisting Steel | ZGMn13 | 116Г13Ю | SCMnH11 | Z120M12 | X120Mn12 |
Grade Chart of Carbon tool Steel
China | former Soviet Union | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Steel Grades | GB | ГОСТ | ASTM | BS | JIS | NF | DIN |
Carbon Stool Steel | T7 | y7 | W1-7 | SK7 SK6 | C70W1 | ||
T8 | y8 | SK6 SK5 | |||||
T8A | y8A | W1-0.8C | 1104Y175 | C80W1 | |||
T8Mn | y8Г | SK5 | |||||
T10 | y10 | W1-1.0C | D1 | SK3 | |||
T12 | y12 | W1-1.2C | D1 | SK2 | Y2 120 | C125W | |
T12A | y12A | W1-1.2C | XC 120 | C125W2 | |||
T13 | y13 | SK1 | Y2 140 | C135W |
Grade Chart of High-Speed Tool Steel
China | former Soviet Union | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Steel Grades | GB | ГОСТ | ASTM | BS | JIS | NF | DIN |
High-Speed Tool Steel | W18Cr4V | P18 | T1 | BT1 | SKH2 | Z80WCV | S18-0-1 |
2018-4-1 | |||||||
W6Mo5Cr4V2 | P6M3 | N2 | BM2 | SKH9 | Z85WDCV | S6-5-2 | |
06-05-04-02 | |||||||
W18Cr4VCo5 | P18K5Φ2 | T4 | BT4 | SKH3 | Z80WKCV | S18-1-2-5 | |
18-05-04-01 | |||||||
W2Mo9Cr4VCo8 | M42 | BM42 | Z110DKCWV | S2-10-1-8 | |||
09-08-04-02-01 |
Grade Chart of Alloy Tool Steel
China | former Soviet Union | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Steel Grades | GB | ГОСТ | ASTM | BS | JIS | NF | DIN |
Alloy Tool Steel | 8MnSi | C75W3 | |||||
9SiCr | 9XC | BH21 | 90CrSi5 | ||||
Cr2 | X | L3 | 100Cr6 | ||||
Cr06 | 13X | W5 | SKS8 | 140Cr3 | |||
9Cr2 | 9X | L | 100Cr6 | ||||
W | B1 | F1 | BF1 | SK21 | 120W4 | ||
Cr12 | X12 | D3 | BD3 | SKD1 | Z200C12 | X210Cr12 | |
Cr12MoV | X12M | D2 | BD2 | SKD11 | Z200C12 | X165CrMoV46 | |
9Mn2V | 9Г2Φ | 2 | 80M80 | 90MnV8 | |||
9CrWMn | 9XBГ | 1 | SKS3 | 80M8 | |||
CrWMn | XBГ | 7 | SKS31 | 105WC13 | 105WCr6 | ||
3Cr2W8V | 3X2B8Φ | H21 | BH21 | SKD5 | X30WC9V | X30WCrV93 | |
5CrMnMo | 5XГM | SKT5 | 40CrMnMo7 | ||||
5CrNiMo | 5XHM | L6 | SKT4 | 55NCDV7 | 55NiCrMoV6 | ||
4Cr5MoSiV | 4X5MΦC | H11 | BH11 | SKD61 | Z38CDV5 | X38CrMoV51 | |
4CrW2Si | 4XB2C | SKS41 | 40WCDS35-12 | 35WCrV7 | |||
5CrW2Si | 5XB2C | S1 | BSi | 45WCrV7 |
Grade Chart of Heat Resistant Steel
China | former Soviet Union | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Steel Grades | GB | ГОСТ | ASTM | BS | JIS | NF | DIN |
Heat Resistant Steel | 2Cr23Ni13 | 20X23H12 | 309 | 309S24 | SUH309 | Z15CN24.13 | |
S30900 | |||||||
2Cr25Ni21 | 20X25H20C2 | 310 | 310S24 | SUH310 | Z12CN25.20 | CrNi2520 | |
S31000 | |||||||
0Cr25Ni20 | 310S | SUS310S | |||||
S31008 | |||||||
0Cr17Ni12Mo2 | 08X17H13M2T | 316 | 316S16 | SUS316 | Z6CND17.12 | X5CrNiMo1810 | |
S31600 | |||||||
0Cr18Ni11Nb | 08X18H12E | 347 | 347S17 | SUS347 | Z6CNNb18.10 | X10CrNiNb189 | |
S34700 | |||||||
1Cr13Mo | SUS410J1 | ||||||
1Cr17Ni2 | 14X17H2 | 431 | 431S29 | SUS431 | Z15CN16-02 | X22CrNi17 | |
S43100 | |||||||
0Cr17Ni7Al | 09X17H7Ю | 631 | SUS631 | Z8CNA17.7 | X7CrNiAl177 | ||
S17700 |
Grade Chart of Stainless Steel
China | former Soviet Union | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Steel Grades | GB | ГОСТ | ASTM | BS | JIS | NF | DIN |
Stainless Steel | 1Cr18Ni9 | 12X18H9 | 302 | 302S25 | SUS302 | Z10CN18.09 | X12CrNi188 |
S30200 | |||||||
Y1Cr18Ni9 | 303 | 303S21 | SUS303 | Z10CNF18.09 | X12CrNiS188 | ||
S30300 | |||||||
0Cr19Ni9 | 08X18H10 | 304 | 304S15 | SUS304 | Z6CN18.09 | X5CrNi189 | |
S30400 | |||||||
00Cr19Ni11 | 03X18H11 | 304L | 304S12 | SUS304L | Z2CN18.09 | X2CrNi189 | |
S30403 | |||||||
0Cr18Ni11Ti | 08X18H10T | 321 | 321S12 | SUS321 | Z6CNT18.10 | X10CrNiTi189 | |
S32100 | 321S20 | ||||||
0Cr13Al | 405 | 405S17 | SUS405 | Z6CA13 | X7CrAl13 | ||
S40500 | |||||||
1Cr17 | 12X17 | 430 | 430S15 | SUS430 | Z8C17 | X8Cr17 | |
S43000 | |||||||
1Cr13 | 12X13 | 410 | 410S21 | SUS410 | Z12C13 | X10Cr13 | |
S41000 | |||||||
2Cr13 | 20X13 | 420 | 420S37 | SUS420J1 | Z20C13 | X20Cr13 | |
S42000 | |||||||
3Cr13 | 30X13 | 420S45 | SUS420J2 | ||||
7Cr17 | 440A | SUS440A | |||||
S44002 | |||||||
0Cr17Ni7Al | 09X17H7Ю | 631 | SUS631 | Z8CNA17.7 | X7CrNiAl177 | ||
S17700 |
Aluminum Grades Chart of 7 Countries
China | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | former | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soviet Union | |||||||
Category | GB | ASTM | BS | JIS | NF | DIN | ГОСТ |
Commercially Pure Aluminium | 1A99 | 1199 | A199.99R | A99 | |||
1A97 | A199.98R | A97 | |||||
1A95 | A95 | ||||||
1A80 | 1080 (1A) | 1080 | 1080A | A199.90 | A8 | ||
1A50 | 1050 | 1050 (1B) | 1050 | 1050A | A199.50 | A5 | |
Antirust Aluminium | 5A02 | 5052 | NS4 | 5052 | 5052 | A1Mg2.5 | Amg |
5A03 | NS5 | AMg3 | |||||
5A05 | 5056 | NB6 | 5056 | A1Mg5 | AMg5V | ||
5A30 | 5456 | NG61 | 5556 | 5957 | |||
Duralumin | 2A01 | 2036 | 2117 | 2117 | AlCu2.5Mg0.5 | D18 | |
2A11 | HF15 | 2017 | 2017S | AlCuMg1 | D1 | ||
2A12 | 2124 | 2024 | 2024 | AlCuMg2 | D16AVTV | ||
2B16 | 2319 | ||||||
Forging Aluminium | 2A80 | 2N01 | AK4 | ||||
2A90 | 2218 | 2018 | AK2 | ||||
2A14 | 2014 | 2014 | 2014 | AlCuSiMn | AK8 | ||
Ultraduralumin | 7A09 | 7175 | 7075 | 7075 | AlZnMgCu1.5 | V95P | |
Casting Aluminium Alloy | ZAlSi7Mn | 356.2 | LM25 | AC4C | G-AlSi7Mg | ||
ZAlSi12 | 413.2 | LM6 | AC3A | A-S12-Y4 | G-Al12 | AL2 | |
ZAlSi5Cu1Mg | 355.2 | AL5 | |||||
ZAlSi2Cu2Mg1 | 413 | AC8A | G-Al12 (Cu) | ||||
ZAlCu5Mn | AL19 | ||||||
ZAlCu5MnCdVA | 201 | ||||||
ZAlMg10 | 520.2 | LM10 | AG11 | G-AlMg10 | AL8 | ||
ZAlMg5Si | G-AlMg5Si | AL13 |
For your ease of reference, we have also provided you with an .xls version of the steel grades chart and aluminum grades chart, which is more convenient than the PDF version.